Government impact on the Cherokee nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Government impact on the Cherokee nation - Essay Example The federal government of the United States has always followed policies towards the Cherokee that were in the government’s best interest, occasionally supporting the group but more often oppressing them, whereas local governments were almost universally fought against the Cherokee Nation and allowed their slaughter. John Ehle in his Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation describes the contact between the Cherokee, other native tribes, the United States government and other European groups from the middle of the eighteenth century through the nineteenth century. He uses a narrative approach, attempting to connect the reader to the text by bringing out the character of historical people. In this way it reads half way between a historical fiction and a work of non-fiction, with elements of detail that would be possible to glean from historical documents such as a particular person having â€Å"soft hair, instead of the Idian’s more coarse, straight hair †1 followed immediately by factual and historical information about the languages and dialects spoken by the Cherokee people.2 It tries to take a balanced approach, spending as much time as possible focusing on both the Cherokee and American points of view, but occasionally indulges in elements of stereotyping, depicting all Cherokee men as tall, proud warriors or mystical shamans, for instance, removing a lot of the humanity that would connect the reader to the subjects of the book. This book makes excellent use of primary sources, providing long in text quotations for important documents and events, ranging from presidential proclamations to journal entries of people involved in those events. It also does an excellent job weaving historical information and information about Cherokee culture and practice throughout its narrative structure, both entertaining and informing in equal measure. Ehle also uses endnotes to add further historical explanation and outline sources of inf ormation; a full bibliography provides excellent material for further reading as well as understanding which elements of Ehle’s work are complete historical facts and which have been elaborated upon by the author. The relationship between the United States Federal government and the Cherokee nations shifted drastically between the 1776 and the middle of the nineteenth century, usually depending on the way the Cherokee could be useful or exploited by the government. As Ehle points out, members of the early federal government â€Å"fully intended to honor† both Cherokee land claims and any treaties that the Cherokees made with the government.3 In cases where white Americans violated the rights of Cherokee people, the federal government responded forcefully; in one case in 1792, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson signed a presidential proclamation offering a reward of â€Å"five hundred dollars† for the apprehension of a group of white Americans who â€Å"inva ded, burned and destroyed a town belonging to the Cherokee Nation.†4 When these measures proved less than completely successful, military officers were eventually used to apprehend people who had attacked a Cherokee group at a peace conference (along with the Federal government staff staying with them).5 Clearly, the US federal government once had the role of defending the Cherokee’s against the government’s own people and settlers, interacted with the Cherokee natio

Creative writing about George and Lennie Essay Example for Free

Creative writing about George and Lennie Essay Stumbling through the wet grass the two came frantically running, looking behind them at every few strides, breathing hard, disturbing the green grass and disrupting the harmony of the birds sitting in trees chirping and whistling the final songs of the day, while dogs barked and people shouted far behind them. A voice could be heard shouting above the crowd Theyre headed for the fields, comon! George grumbled, breathing frantically Damnit! comon you crazy bastard, they near got us! Im trying George, I swear but Is tired Lennie wheezed. The two were passing fields, when they came to an irrigation ditch, George thought about it and he pulled lennie into the ditch with him. Get your head down! George shouted but lennie didnt do a thing, George annoyed, shoved him under the murky water, they could hear the shouts getting closer and the dogs growling. A man said Where the hell did they get to? another close to him said The dogs ave lost the scent they musta went thru that ditch and off into the woods, no way we could get them now Damn ok everyone back to the town for a head count then we can all go home, its getting late With these words saw George give a sigh of relief as he gently surfaced bringing lennie with him, George taking his hat began to wring out the water, lennie copying his movements did the same, George set his crease and made his way quietly up the bank of the ditch, peering over the edge he watched torch light and man slowly disappear toward weed under the setting sun, he turned back to lennie, Now why the hell did you touch that gals dress? Comon you better have a good excuse or Ill clobber ya! Lennie was whimpering like a fearful puppy Honest George I dint mean no wrong, I jus wanted to feel her dress George yelled why? Lennie? Hmm? What so good about that dress? lennie cowered in his jacket his shoulders covering his cheeks It was so purty George, it was red colored and soft as a rabbit, you know how I likes rabbits George Seeing the glow in his face when he said it made George calm down, he remember who lennie was, he settled down do a smile Ya big lummox, one day your gonna get us some real trouble, but youre my responsibility so we gotta stick close lennie returned a half hearted grin still slightly frigtenened Ok George George got up to look around once more, he spotted an old barn not far from the ditch they were in. Right comon now we get us some shut-eye then try and get us some work, some place Lennies face lit up remembering what this all lead up to An I get to tend the rabbits George! Huh? Huh? Yeah, yeah but we gotta get us a stake first George replied George and lennie had settled down in the old barn, its walls were white with paint peeling, the roof was held up by 3 beams across the top and toward the ground, the winds outside made the barn creak eerily and lennie was having trouble sleeping, the ground was scattered with straw and the only thing in the barn was some sacks, tools and a work bench, it was less a barn than a shed. George? George you asleep What? George cant you do somethin about the wind? No, now go to sleep, have to wake up early tomorra' George said still half asleep Sorry George lennie said, eventually the morning came. lennie! Lennie! Wake up! Comon we gonna miss the damn bus! ok George, ok lennie said as he packed his bindle and sorted himself, and hurried off with George They had gotten to the stop just in time, they paid their fare, and were on their way to get some work at.

Bauxite/Aluminum and the Environment :: Essays Papers

Bauxite/Aluminum and the Environment Aluminum is the third most common element in the earth's crust, with reserves guaranteed to last hundreds of years, and, in its ore, bauxite, one of the most economically significant minerals in the world. It is, perhaps, more easily recycled than any other mineral substance used by man, but mining operations still continue and are enormously valuable. Aluminum companies have been at the forefront of environmental progress and effort in the minerals industry. Aluminum is not the cleanest metal to produce, and it is often found in ecologically significant regions. However, the undaunted aluminum industry has managed to do its part for the environment, and continually improve its own efficiency. Azom.com notes that, since bauxite is chiefly found in tropical or subtropical areas, mines are often associated with the rain forest. In truth, only about 6% of the world's current bauxite production takes place in rain forest regions, "affecting a total area of around 1.5 km2 per year" (azom.com). Bauxite mines are almost always of the open-cast type, so they have a wide impact on the land area above them. Even so, 80% of bauxite mines on forestland are eventually returned to forest, the rest "replaced by agriculture, commercial forest, or recreational area, thereby making the area more productive for the local community"; what's more, the "rain forests in particular" are "almost totally reverted back to rain forest" (azom.com). Most companies min ing bauxite remove the fertile top soil separately from the rest of the overburden, so that it can reapplied to assure maximum usefulness of the reclaimed land. In addition, "over 60 per cent [of companies] have their own nursery plant facilities" and many put special care into water drainage to avoid soil erosion due to rainfall or other runoff (azom.com). In short, the reclamation procedures undertaken by aluminum companies are typical of the modern American mining industry. The workers in aluminum run into more difficulty during the processing stage. Aluminum refining produces large amounts of PFCs, CFCs, and other poisonous or environmentally damaging gases. The process of refining itself involved diatomic chlorine gas as a reagent. Reducing the amount of chlorine gas used is a constant preoccupation in the industry, although attention is also given to reducing gaseous, liquid, and solid waste by operating "air pollution equipment that captures pollutants and recycles raw materials" (Aluminum Association). In recent years, great progress has been made by the Voluntary Aluminum Industry Partnership (VAIP) organized by the EPA.

Preserve Toothbrushes Essay

Strategic planning is an important aspect for any business or corporation. Without it, an organization has no way to achieve a stated goal. They have no way to march towards their vision. In the case of Eric Hudson, an entrepreneur with a vision, he successfully created a business with a goal in mind and implemented a strategic plan to make it happen. Every small business startup has to have some edge in order to compete; otherwise they will be forced out by larger, pre-existing competitors. For Preserve, this meant identifying and filling a niche in an industry largely consisting of multinational conglomerates. For Eric Hudson, this meant thinking critically, having a plan, and implementing it in order to carry out his vision. Preserve found its niche in environmentally friendly toothbrushes. Preserve created an environmentally friendly toothbrush manufactured from recycled plastic. Further enhancing the product was a unique 45 degree angled head designed by Hudson’s father, an industrial engineer. At the time, the â€Å"green† movement was largely a niche in itself. While not a first-mover, others were already in the â€Å"green† products industry; Preserve had a modified approach of the second-mover strategy. It did not create the â€Å"green† industry, but it did create a new product. It was often a small market for â€Å"green† products, and the products that existed were often less effective and of poor quality. However, for Eric Hudson, he made it his vision to provide an environmentally friendly product without sacrificing quality or performance. Initially, Preserve’s toothbrush was marketed through grassroots movements and sampling. However, it was at one of the sampling events, that an employee from Stonyfield Yogurt, an organic yogurt company, approached Preserve and relayed the information that they consistently had leftover plastic from producing yogurt containers. With this bit of information, Preserve had a new strategic alliance that provided them with the raw materials to produce its product, and Stonyfield had the ability to promote tself as an environmentally friendly corporation as a result of its efforts. Preserve is a small, niche brand, and like most other small niche brands, their marketing budget pales in comparison to its larger competitors. In Preserve’s case, they focus on generating publicity to promote and advertise their brand. The best advertisement is free advertisement, and Preserve tends to generate a lot of magazine articles and television appearances. This in turn generates word of m outh testimonials, the most effective form of advertising. Businesses in general should continually strive to enhance their business model and update their strategic plan. A SWOT analysis is a useful tool for examining a business and how it is meeting its basic mission. By comparing the firm’s strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats, a SWOT analysis provides managers with a view of the organization’s internal and external environments. In turn, this analysis can be used to determine if the firm is meeting expectations or if it is on track to meet expectations. Preserve’s director of marketing, C. A. Webb, admits that she doesn’t actually perform SWOT analysis’s, but certainly uses that form of thinking consistently when implementing new products, distribution channels, designs, or other decisions. In fact, it was this style of thinking that led to Preserve to focus its effort on packaging its unknown product in order to appeal to a more sophisticated market and consumer. It was crucial to target a specific audience because retailers could not devote large amounts of shelf space to a small brand such as Preserve. So Preserve made it their mission to go up against their large competitors in the only way possible—out marketing them. Business strategy and strategic plans are crucial for any business, small, medium, or large. Preserve certainly provides an excellent example of the necessity of a strategic plan and how following one can lead to success, provided the organization has the necessary strengths and environment as can be determined by a SWOT analysis. Preserve’s success can certainly be attributed to a successful business plan, as well as careful planning. Both are important lessons to be taken away from Preserve’s market presence.

Improving Student Outcomes And Provide Education Across Malaysia Education Essay

The end of the Education National Key Results Area ( NKRA ) is to better pupil results and provide quality instruction for all pupils across Malaysia. By looking globally at the best acting schools, four indispensable countries have been identified. They are: the demand to guarantee every kid succeeds ; the demand to keep schools accountable for alterations in pupil results ; the demand to put in great leaders for every school ; and the demand to pull and develop top instructors. Research confirms that a assortment of inducements for the assorted phases of instructors ‘ callings should be in topographic point. A World Bank rating corroborates the value of inducements towards bettering instructor quality ( Vegas & A ; Umansky 2005 ) . There are assorted types of instructor inducements including fiscal, working conditions and instructional support ( Kemmerer, 2007 ) . Fiscal inducements include pecuniary, in-kind support, benefits and fillips. Instructional Support, on the other manus, includes points such as proviso of back uping stuffs, ongoing professional development and calling chances. Finally, inducements related to working conditions consist of things such as category wellness and safety conditions and proviso of equal interruptions. Teachers by and large do non come in the profession for fiscal benefits so inducements must non merely expression at fiscal compensation but other countries that motivate and inspire good pattern. These wagess can include satisfaction from high pupil accomplishment, acknowledgment, influence, larning new accomplishments, and personal growing ( Tomlinson, 2000 ; Odden 2000b ) . School staff should hold the chance for a calling way where excellence is rewarded with a assortment of inducements that tap into both their intrinsic and extrinsic motive. Merely a few states have formalized a robust systems of performance-related wage in any sector ( Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006 ) and even fewer in the instruction sector. Tucker and Sclaifani ( 2006 ) indicate that in order for public presentation related wage to be effectual three thoughts must come into drama. First, we must be able to mensurate the end product linked to the public presentation whether at the person or squad degree. Second, the end products from persons or squads must better the overall organizational end products. Last, that the wages can be delivered in a mode that takes advantage of its likely incentive value for prospective receivers. Many inquiry if it is possible, in administrations such as schools, which are extremely complex to develop just rating systems linked to public presentation wage. Other concerns are that coaction among instructors will endure and that incentives linked to capable countries or exam consequences will contract the course of study ( Tucker and Sclaifani, 2006 ) . There are a assortment of different public presentation theoretical accounts. Fiscal wagess given based on pupil public presentation and lesson observations is called merit-pay ( McCollum, 2001 ) . Odden ( 2000 ) describes cognition and skill-based compensation as increased wage given to those who receive extra makings which is assumed to better instructors ‘ abilities. School-based compensation, involves group-based fiscal wagess normally based on pupil public presentation ( Odden and Kelley, 2002 ) . A set of criterions for teacher public presentation and measuring tools is cardinal to being able to reasonably reward staff for their public presentation. Merit wage given to instructors separately has proved to be unpopular in schools making competition and extinguishing the indispensable squad work and coaction needed to construct excellence in school ( Odden, 2000 ) . Incentive payments to full staff in schools have many times produced improved pupil accomplishment. This is most likely because of the demand to work together, back up new or weaker instructors and to promote instructors who do non better to travel to a different profession. Odden ( 2000 ) besides believes the sum of the fillip is of import and recommends 5-8 % of one-year wage as a wages for making marks. Figure 1 from Woessman ( 2010 ) below shows the consequences of a survey of assorted states demoing in general where wage for public presentation has been implemented reading, authorship, and math tonss have by an d large been higher. Merit-pay theoretical accounts were criticised for unfavorably altering coaction between instructors. Performance-based wages systems, research now argues, can increase collegiality by honoring co- operation between instructors ( Solomon and Podgursky, 2001 ; Cohn, 1996 ) , through group-based wage wagess ( Mohrman, Mohrman, and Odden, 1996 ; McCollum, 2001 ) . Several oppositions of performance-based wagess postulate there is grounds of better/more collegiality when group public presentation wagess are used ( See, for illustration, Firestone and Pennell, 1993 ) . Many studies conclude that intrinsic wagess are really of import to instructors ( Firestone and Pennell, 1993 ) . Firestone and Pennell ( 1993 ) argue that rating can sabotage the intrinsic wagess for instructors, as the â€Å" feedback in the signifier of public presentation rating undermines intrinsic motive, even when the rating is positive † ( accent in original ) nevertheless a significant organic structure of literature argues performance-based wages systems are an betterment on the efficiency of salary graduated tables Odden and Kelly ‘s research confirms that wage for public presentation strategies and other inducements for instructors and principals can hold positive effects on pupil accomplishment. These methods are most effectual when they are accompanied by professional development plans, the support of school leading, accurate and dependable coverage of pupil accomplishment, and strong feedback mechanisms.5 Odden and many others argue that the single-salary agenda can non take instruction to the degrees of productiveness presently needed. Lazear ‘s analysis of the effectivity of output-based wage suggests that performance-based mechanisms can be effectual if they are carefully designed and tied to allow metrics.40 Many of the earlier programmes tended to concentrate on single public presentation, in peculiar virtue wage ( Richardson, 1999 ) , with recent arguments more likely to see group-based wages programmes, or cognition and accomplishment based wagess ( Odden, 2000a ; Odden and Kelley, 2002 ) . A 2004 OECD study on teacher quality found that the job of instructor deficits is permeant throughout OECD states and that the deficiency of quality instructors is holding a negative impact on pupil larning. Across-the-board salary accommodations, targeted inducements and alternate employment steps are typical attacks that most states adopt to relieve instructor deficits, but that policies must turn to other critical facets such as â€Å" working conditions, professionalism, flexibleness, occupation security, instruction demands and occupation satisfaction from working with pupils. Must be replaced with a system that connects parts to compensation in meaningful ways and that could be embraced by employers and instructors likewise Two-thirdss of OECD states have implemented performance-related salary systems in their public sectors, but few have used them in instruction. It is still true that few states have formalized a robust system of performance-related wage in any sector. When be aftering for an inducement plan the undermentioned chart is helpful to see effects both desirable and unwanted.IncentivesIntentional or Unintentional designDesired ImpactUndesired impactFor illustration:IncentivesIntentional designJob security linked to prove tonssDesired ImpactImproved instruction and better acquisitionUndesired impactTeaching to the trial ; dropping of low acting pupilsIncentivesUnintentional designStrong brotherhoods make it hard to fire instructorsDesired ImpactGood instructors feel more confident and secure in their occupations and hence Teach wellUndesired impactBad instructors can remain indefinitelyMost of the inducements researched have been negotiated and employed without programs for strict rating. The bulk of articles cited in international documents are studies instead than ratings that attempt to link results to the performance-related system in topographic point.Current Incentives in the Malayan Education SystemAction Research Projects: some en terprises have been conducted in this country throughout the state, but the enterprises are non monitored consistently, so findings are non reported efficiently.A Advanced surveies: There are three manners for instructors and principals to prosecute in advanced surveies: 1 ) A they receive full wage, with no scholarships ( to cover tuition etc, they will hold to pay on their ain ) 2 ) A they receive half wage, with scholarship given to cover tuition etc 3 ) A if they receive direct scholarship offers from any organisation/institution, they will hold to inquire permission from the relevant Ministry of Education section for blessing. These are decided on a individual footing Scholarships are merely for public universities in Malaya Ministry of Education has a distant acquisition degree plan from the local universities for the instructors and Head Teachers of the rural primary schools. Three organic structures sponsor these ; the public service section, the instructor instruction division and sometimes-individual MOE establishments like the School Leadership Institute Teachers in rural or interior schools receive a pecuniary inducement runing from RM700-RM1500 on top of their wage and life or lodging allowances. Resettlement allowances: Teachers receive an allowance when they receive a transportation from one school to another, from one to town to another or from one province to another province. Travel agreements are besides provided to the instructors and their households to travel to their new topographic point of work. An agent appointed by the MOE to direct them over to their new topographic point of work will manage their properties. All civil retainers besides enjoy free medical intervention from the govt. infirmaries they besides can use for loans to purchase a computing machine, a auto and even a house. The Government Transformation Programme ( GTP ) Roadmap states that HPS will have inducements, which include an one-year allotment of RM700, 000 per school, every bit good as RM1, 000 and RM700 for school caputs, instructors and non-academic staff in secondary and primary schools, severally. The schools besides enjoy greater liberty in decision-making and let high-achieving pupils to progress faster through the system. National, State and District Awards Many awards are available for instructorKhazanah Incentives for School StaffIncentiveResearch SummaryDesired/UndesiredRating for Trust School InitiativeFinancial ( comprises of Monetary, In sort, Benefits and Bonuses ) MonetaryNew instructor get downing fillipName: Secondary Deficit Capable Scheme Description: Up to ?5000 paid to persons in last twelvemonth of survey to fall in the instruction force after graduation Dates:1985 to show. State: UK, Wales Effective at pulling but non retaining new instructors Name: Golden Hello Description: ?2500-5000 for come ining and successfully finishing the initiation stage in secondary topics Dates: 2002 to show State: United kingdom Evaluation: Effective at pulling but non retaining new instructors Desired: Qualified campaigners are available to learn in schools Undesired: Peoples are attracted merely for fiscal intents but so go forth the calling one time other higher paid options are availableSalary graduated tablesDescription: Higher compensation in the early old ages in order to promote instructors to come in the field Dates: varies States: Australia, Denmark, England, Finland, Description: Higher salary additions mid-career instructors to retain them Dates: varies States ; Austria, Japan, and Portugal Description: Wagess experienced instructors with largest additions Dates: variesStates: Greece, Hungary, and New ZealandName: n/aDescription: Across the board wage rises promote the best people to remain Dates: 1990 State: Chile Evaluation: a World Bank study notes that instructors ‘ experience has non been found to be an of import forecaster of pupil accomplishment in the major empirical surveies ( World Bank 1997, 97 ) Desired: Teachers feel valued and execute good Undesired: Good instructors leave the profession due to fiscal groundsProject engagement wageName: Accelerated Teaching Program ( Unicef ) Description-all instructor receive fillip inducement each three months Dates: 1998-2007 State: Liberia Evaluation: This plan has issues with payments to instructors but otherwise was judged to better buy-in and results for pupils Desired: Teachers feel valued and ‘buy in ‘ to new enterprises Undesired: Teachers feel overwhelmed with the alteration procedure and leave stationsExtra allowance for distant locations/low acting schools ( hardship allowance )Description: Teachers receive salary addendums to learn in deficit or rural countries Purpose: Ensure instructors are available for all kids State: Canada/Chile/Ireland/Australia/Malaysia Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in hard areas/circumstancesUndesired:Materials AllowanceDescription: Materials allowances given to all schools at start of reform undertaking to purchase resources that enhance the acquisition environment Purpose: To advance bargain in to project and heighten instruction and acquisition environment Dates:2006-present State: UAE Evaluation: Effective in making a learning civilization Desired: Schools feel empowered and have the tools they need to better their schools Undesired: Schools spend money on resources that do non better pupil outcomes e.g. ornamentsTravel AllowanceDescription: Teachers given train base on ballss to acquire to workPurpose: Part of the benefitsDates: ongoingState: Japan Canada, Australia, Europe- Moving costs to initial occupation arrangement for most arrangements in rural countries or challenging schools Desired: Teachers are more willing to work in locations farther from place base ensuing in a supply of instructors available Undesired: Teachers take allowance but have high degrees of absence In Kind SupportAwardsName: NationalTeachingExcellenceAward Descriptionprovidesawardsfor50teachersthatwerenominatedattheschoollevelandmadeitthroughthenationalqualificationstothe rewardlevel Name: School based Award Description: Awards at the school degree with discretional financess made available by the authorities Purpose: To honor first-class instructorsDates:State: Denmark, Netherlands Desired: Recognition of Good work leads to more good work and sharing of good pattern Undesired: Some co-workers feel covetous or angry and do lessFree or subsidised lodgingDescription: free adjustments in its distant countries Purpose: To promote staff to populate in distant countriesDates:State: Danmark Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countries Undesired: Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportFree or subsidized nutrientDescription: Free or subsidized nutrient to staff State: European states Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countries Undesired: Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportPlots of landDescription: Plots of land given to staff Purpose: Encouragement to make a place base in rural countriesDates:State: Africa Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countries Undesired: Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportLow involvement loansDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Demark, Greece-Preferential rates for mortgages at the discretion of the local school governments Desired: Teachers feel more financially unafraid and there are more able to concentrate on be aftering first-class lessons Undesired: Teachers take loans but there is no betterment in learningScholarships for ain kidsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Worldwide: Most international schools provide free topographic points for staff kids Desired: Teachers who bring their ain kids to a school want the best for their kid and work harder Undesired: Teachers kids get particular interventionFree points: e.g. books, laptops etcDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Denmark-teachers who agree to learn in distant countries are eligible a place personal computing machine, and entree to wholesale shoppingDesired:Undesired:Benefits PaidDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Australia- to remain in distant countries, excess one-year leave of 5-8 yearssDesired:Undesired:Unpaid leaveDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Canada-allows instructors to take unpaid leave for household events, holidaies etcDesired:Undesired:SabbaticalDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Australia-all caputs eligible for sabbatical every 5 old ages. Paid at 80 % for 4 old ages to enable this at no costDesired:Undesired:Recognition towards a publicity Description: Recognition towards a hereafter publicity for learning in disputing or distant countriesPurpose:Dates:State: Korea, ChinaDesired:UndesiredSick leaveDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Pregnancy LeaveDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Health insuranceDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Europe-countries include wellness benefits over and above the usual societal services accorded to all citizensDesired:Undesired:PensionDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Additional Paid Work Description: teachersarepaid $ 20.00perdayforeach studentteacherundertheirdirectionbi-weekly.Dates:State: Nanavut CanadaDesired:Undesired:Life insuranceDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:CrecheDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:BonussWhole school public presentation based wage linked to exam consequences or KPI marksName: NationalPerformanceEvaluationSystem Description: Schools are grouped by social-economic conditions, and so the top 25 per centum within each group are rewarded for their public presentationPurpose:Dates:State: Chile Evaluation: Increased the tonss in the province test by between four and 18 points ; effects were greater among those schools with more favorable external conditions. Date: c2004 State: Israel Evaluation: ledtoimprovedteachingmethods, increasedafter-schooltutoring, andbetterresponsivenesstostudents'needsonthepartofteachers ProfessionalCompensationSystemforTeachers 1999-2003 Denver, USA Evaluation: Evidencefromthepilotprogramstronglysuggestedthatthepayforperformanceprogramwas a † catalystforchangethatbenefitsallstudentsandteachers. † 34 Studenttestscores weresignificantlyhigherforelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsinclassroomswithteachers whohadbeeninthepilotfortwoormoreyears Desired: Schools pull together as a whole squad to better pupil results Desired: Student Accomplishment additions Undesired: Teachers teach to the trial, ignore low executing pupils or darnel to demo advancement Undesired: Freerider'problem ; someteacherswhoarenotcontributingtotheoutcomesofstudentsarerewardedbecauseof others'action Undesired: Could honor â€Å" wealth † instead than public presentation, disproportionately honoring instructors at high-performing schools chiefly for the natural stuffs they are handed – i.e. , better pupils. Undesired: Teachers focus on certain topics to the disregard of other topics.Individual public presentation based wageName: Teacher Excellence Incentive Description: $ 200 million fund, for one-year fillips of up to $ 2,500 to honor â€Å" effectual † schoolroom instructors employed by territories that agreed to fit the province moneyPurpose:Dates:State: Texas, USA Description: Pay based on run intoing instructor criterions Dates: 2003-present State: Suomi Name ; Description: Excess wage for instructors who increased GSCE consequences Dates: State: United kingdom Evaluation: foundthatthestudentsscoredonaveragehalfaGCSEpointmorethanequivalentpupilstaught Bythesameteachersbeforethesystemwasputinplace.Description:Purpose:Dates:State: Colorado, USA Evidence strongly suggests that the wage for public presentation plan was a â€Å" accelerator for alteration that benefits all pupils and instructors.Description:Purpose:Dates:State: Israel-study found that wage for public presentation enterprises had a positive impact on pupil accomplishment -led to improved instruction methods, increased after-school tutoring, and better reactivity to pupils ‘ demands. Desired: persons who are making outstanding work are recognised Undesired: Promotes competition non coaction among instructorsBonus wage for excess activitiesDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: USA- extra wage stipends for duty for an activity after school, such as yearbook or athleticss but the supervising of pupils between categoriesDesired:Undesired:No absence BonusDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: India-ThePublicReport onBasicEducation ( PROBE ) convincinglyshowedthatone-thirdofthehead teacherswereabsent in India on a given twenty-four hoursAfrica-Desired:Undesired:Physical EnvironmentDescription: Improvement inthe physical installationsPurpose:Dates:State: India-was a factor that influenced motivationlevels. Cleanliness, conveyance, furniture, imbibing H2O and lavatories ( for adult females instructors ) – the list was reasonably longDesired:Undesired:Grants for schoolroom or school undertakingDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: UK-ASTA can use for a grant to better a specific facet of a schoolDesired:Undesired:Bonus for rural schoolsDescrip tion:Purpose:Dates:State: Australia-Desired:Undesired:Instructional Support Ongoing Professional DevelopmentPayment towards a QualificationName: ProComp Description: Evaluates and compensate instructors based on a figure of factors, including grades and professional development units obtainedPurpose:Dates:State: :Denver, USA Evaluation: At least 100 surveies in the past decennary have documented that extremely skilled, extremely effectual instructors help pupils larn moreDesired:Undesired:In service Training CoursesName: Teacher Empowerment -a plan sponsored by the United Nations Children s Fund ( UNICEF ) . Description: better the school environment by tapping into school-level resources, administrative support and to hike instructors ‘ morale, self-esteem that, in bend, boosts pupil registration and attending.Purpose:Dates:State: IndiaName: Joyful Learning Description: involves child-centred activities and promotes active acquisition patterns by actuating kids and instructors to wish acquisition, and instructors to follow active acquisition activities in the schoolroom.Desired:Undesired:Accredited CPDDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Time off for University classsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Coaching and Mentoring supportDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Book ClubsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Career DevelopmentPromotionDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Excellent teachers/Lead instructorsName: Advanced Skills Teacher/SpecialistClassroomTeacherfor SecondarySchools Description: Promotion without go forthing the school for an disposal station. Teachers spend 20 % of clip assisting instructors in other schools /NZ $ 6,500supplement Purpose: To maintain first-class instructors in schools ; portion good patternDates: / 2006 pilotState: UK/New ZealandName: Pedagogical Excellence Award Description: Award granted after requires base on balls in a written appraisal of pedagogical and content cognition and entry a portfolio. Purpose: To honor first-class instructorsDates: 2002 to showState: ChileDesired:Undesired:MaterialsGuide books for instructional intentsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Textbooks and other stuffsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:ResourcesDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Working ConditionssClass SizeDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Planing TimeDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Health and safetyDescription:Purpose: high absenteeism is traced to hapless motive and working conditions )Dates:State:ComfortDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Praise/RecognitionDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Teaching aides/assistantsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Adequate interruptionsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Administration SupportDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Khazanah Incentives for School Staff: A Proposal of Bespoke OptionsThe plan provides increases in compensation based on increased cognition and accomplishments, professional rating, willingness to ma ke full hard-to-staff places or learn in hard-to-serve schools, and making specified pupil growing aims, including public presentation on the province tests, and other inducements related to school- broad distinguished public presentation. Tiing additions in teacher compensation to student achievement appears to supply inducements To instructors to look actively for ways to better their public presentation that might hold been available before the inducements were offered, and that their involvement in actively taking advantage of such op- chances increases. Evaluation These methods are most effectual when they are accompanied by professional development plans, the support of school leading, accurate and dependable coverage of pupil accomplishment, and strong feedback mechanisms.3 A list of proposals suited for Trust schools can be found below. There is a assortment of options included with each so that costs can be reduced or increased as needed by Khazanah to guarantee maximal impact. Incentives should be discussed in focal point groups with selected school staff in both rural and non-rural schools to guarantee school staff voice has been heard with relation to inducements. Start up- research shows change direction requires motive Whole School Based-research shows whole school based inducements create coaction and concerted acquisition Lateral Awards-evidence show competition between schools is healthy Individual Rewards-each individual is motivated otherwise. Some people who have gone beyond the call of responsibility deserve to be recognised and rewarded. Equally long as competition is non within a school, there should be no negative impact Abstraction: Teachers at the start of the undertaking need motivation and incentive to ‘buy-in ‘ to a new manner of working which necessarily will be harder and take more clip and attempt but should ensue in greater occupation satisfaction and better consequences for kids in the long tally. In order to get down to inquire instructors to prosecute the followers options are suggested: Phase: Undertaking Start-up Name: Khazanah School Tool Kit Targeted at: Whole school staff Consequences in: occupation satisfaction ; pride ; buy-in Detailss: A branded ‘tool box ‘ given to each new Trust school staff member complied with basic equipment ( stage or occupation specific ) and personalised to the school/subject demands For illustration, art stuffs, pens, whiteboard markers, spines, documents†¦ could include laptops and other points to better engineering Forms to bespeak for immediate support from a Khazanah Emergency Fund for little points with set bounds per point and per school ( e.g. up to 100 ringgit per point and up to 1000 ringgit per term ) that will impact instantly Khazanah Teacher Portfolio-a branded portfolio designed for instructors and caput instructors to maintain their grounds base in an orderly manner in order to consequence some of the alterations to learning and larning that are required Materials: Welcome missive, Khazanah branded items- e.g. chapeau, notepad, write ( All staff ) Principals above plus laptop ; Teachers besides kit for the category with markers, pens, spines, art stuffs ; ( to document grounds ) Schools-digital camera to document grounds x 3 ; Approximate cost: Laptops x 10 ; Cameras x30 ;Evaluation:Phase: Start -up Name: Khazanah School Environment Grant Targeted at: Whole schoolConsequences in: better larning environments ;Detailss:Materials: Cash ; Guidance brochureApproximate cost:Evaluation:Abstraction: Teachers in trust schools will be encouraged to work at a degree above the current Ministry criterions. In order to actuate instructors to travel frontward and to give acknowledgment an Award will be bestowed on those teachers/head instructors who meet the Trust school criterions. All teachers/head instructors should take for this award about all instructors should have this award in due class Phase: Ongoing Name: Khazanah Teacher, Master Teacher Awards ; Principal/Master Principal Awards Targeted at: All learning staff Consequences in: Recognition, pride, a valuable making, Detailss: Extra elements added to Performance Standards to draw a bead on towards being a Khazanah teacher/master teacher/Principal or Maestro Principal Document brochure will be provided with full inside informations of application procedure with signifiers and illustration Annual Regional Khazanah Award ceremonial where awards are bestowed Each teacher/principal who meets the criterions receives a certification and pin to be worn at school A pick of wages includes: For Teachers: Two-day external Professional Development class Write up in the Khazanah Trust newssheet A transcript of a book on Best Practices in learning Cash wages For Master instructors: Laptop Payment towards a Masters Unit Attendance at a Regional conference Speaker at Khazanah Leadership conference For Principal: Laptop Malaysia Study visit to Best Practice schools in state ( one hebdomad ) Payment towards Masters Unit Attendance at a Regional conference For Master Principals Option of paid sabbatical after 7 old ages International Study visit ( one hebdomad ) Payment towards two units of a Masters/PhD Speaker at Khazanah Principal ‘s conference Materials: Detailed manual including application signifiers ; pins, CPDApproximate cost:Evaluation:Phase:Name: Khazanah Excellent Practice Research ScholarshipsTargeted atConsequences in: Local cognition, acknowledgment, new accomplishments Detailss: Teacher links with a local university -contacts would necessitate to be negotiated with Khazanah /Nord Anglia University provides basic information on research in this country Cover may be needed for instructors categories Teacher implements or observes a alteration in schoolroom with support from university Forms, preparation and processs will be created to back up this procedure Research to be published on Khazanah Trust schools Portal or newssheets Small grants possibly available up to 1000 ringgit for instructors research demands The Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those petitions that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitory reappraisal and rating. The Research Council will supply a prioritized list of recommendations for support to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the reappraisal standard. The Vice President for Research will do award determinations based on recommendations and available financess. The Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those petitions that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitory reappraisal and rating. The Research Council will supply a prioritized list of recommendations for support to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the reappraisal standard. The Vice President for Research will do award determinations based on recommendations and available financess. Fundss from the General Research Fund ( GRF ) are awarded to faculty for research that is non otherwise supported by organized or directed plans. The purpose of the GRF is to enable module to transport out scholarly, originative work that should take to the chase of other support beginnings, or advance the development of scholarly activities. Undertakings funded through the GRF could include: pilot research, exigency support, emerging research chances, new research field or new research field for research worker, developing research research labs, or centrally-shared research resources. Materials: Support for university grants ; hard currency Approximate cost: 20,000 $ USEvaluation:Abstraction: Cover is an issue uncovered during the baselining procedure. In other states, we have found similar issues. Making a system that rewards instructors for screen could incentivise instructors to take categories.Phase:Name: Khazanah Cover Teacher Points SystemTargeted atConsequences in: safe and unafraid environment for pupilsDetailss: A screen timetable is produced for each school Teacher receive points for each screen lesson done Documents and processs will be provided for this procedure At terminal of month or terminal of term instructors choose from the list below based on points Ten cover lessons: Flash thrust and educational book 20 cover lessons: Voucher to purchase supplies 30 cover lessons: Sponsorship to travel to a Conference Materials: flash thrusts ; books ; verifiers ; conference feesApproximate cost:Evaluation:Khazanah Academic Targets AwardCreates: whole school buy-in, teamwork, improved consequencesEach school receives specific annually marks based on informations from baselining visits Schools have progress meetings with Cluster Managers each one-fourth to discourse betterments towards marks Schools that meet marks receive: Schools that meet over 60 % of marks: Grant for 5000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises: school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the school Schools that meet over 80 % of marks: Grant for 10000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises: school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the school Schools that meet all marks: Grant for 25000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises: school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the school In add-on: all staff receive certifications, school trophy, award ceremonial ; acknowledgment in Khazanah newssheets etc.Khazanah Education ConferenceCreates: Professional dutyEach school is to lend to the presentations by electing a staff member to run a workshop demoing good pattern from their school Each Principal presents a journey through the alterations in their ain school Conference inside informations to be planned and organized by Nord Anglia ( e.g. Heartss and heads ) International talker Travel costs to conference Besides leading conference for School PrincipalsKhazanah School Grant AwardsCreates: enterprise to better countries of the schoolEach school may use for up to 2 grants per academic twelvemonth Grants will be to a maximal sum Booklet and application processs and procedure, rating to be provided Grants can be for any enterprise that is likely to better pupil accomplishment and/or wellbeing Every school has the chance of being selected to have a grant Lateral Awards-Across Trust school inducements Abstraction: A scope of awards to advance competition and inducement across the trust schools is needed. For each proposal accepted a Booklet will be designed with the standards, application procedure and grounds base needed. Most Improved school Most Improved instructor Best Leader Award Khazanah Most Improved Trust School Award Best Community Involvement Best Parental Support plans Most supportive school -supporting others within the TrustAdvanced Khazanah School AwardAbstraction: This is a extremely esteemed award given merely to schools that are outstanding and still go oning to better and a theoretical account for others. As the trust schools grow in figure in each twelvemonth, these schools will be used to see, portion good pattern and lead others. Pride and acknowledgment in the community and the Trust school group are the wages for this accomplishment. For Principals:Salary Scale AdjustmentsCreates: equity and equality in working conditions ; retaining of staffPrincipals wages reviewed in each school and exceed up wages provided bespoke to schools to guarantee that principal is on a higher graduated table than other staff ; in little schools, principals can make higher wage graduated tables and they are non limited to Ministry graduated tables